【佳學(xué)基因檢測(cè)】MicroRNAs 在結(jié)直腸癌的預(yù)后和治療中：從實(shí)驗(yàn)室到床邊

腫瘤基因檢測(cè)有用嗎分析

分析腫瘤分子診斷與基因分析了解《World J Gastroenterol》在.?2018 Jul 21;24(27):2949-2973.發(fā)表了一篇題目為《MicroRNAs 在結(jié)直腸癌的預(yù)后和治療中：從實(shí)驗(yàn)室到床邊》腫瘤靶向藥物治療基因檢測(cè)臨床研究文章。該研究由Kenneth Kw To,?Christy Ws Tong,?Mingxia Wu,?William Cs Cho等完成。促進(jìn)了腫瘤的正確治療與個(gè)性化用藥的發(fā)展，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了基因信息檢測(cè)與分析的重要性。

腫瘤靶向藥物及正確治療臨床研究?jī)?nèi)容關(guān)鍵詞：

腫瘤靶向治療基因檢測(cè)臨床應(yīng)用結(jié)果

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 是小的、單鏈的、非編碼 RNA，可以在轉(zhuǎn)錄后調(diào)節(jié)各種癌基因和腫瘤抑制基因的表達(dá)。許多 miRNA 的失調(diào)表達(dá)已被證明可介導(dǎo)在結(jié)直腸癌 (CRC) 的多步癌變中至關(guān)重要的信號(hào)通路。 miRNA 是穩(wěn)定的，并且可以防止 RNase 介導(dǎo)的降解，從而使其能夠在生物體液和檔案組織中進(jìn)行檢測(cè)以進(jìn)行生物標(biāo)志物研究。本綜述重點(diǎn)介紹 miRNA 在 CRC 預(yù)后和治療中的作用和應(yīng)用。雖然 II 期 CRC 有可能通過手術(shù)切除治好，但很大比例的 II 期 CRC 患者確實(shí)會(huì)反復(fù)。 miRNA 生物標(biāo)志物可用于對(duì)此類高危人群進(jìn)行輔助化療分層，以提供更好的預(yù)后。越來越多的證據(jù)還表明 miRNA 參與了 CRC 的轉(zhuǎn)移過程。因此，這些 miRNA 中的某些可用作預(yù)后生物標(biāo)志物，以識(shí)別更可能發(fā)生微轉(zhuǎn)移的患者，這些患者可以在手術(shù)后更密切地監(jiān)測(cè)和/或給予更積極的輔助化療。對(duì)化療的內(nèi)在和獲得性耐藥嚴(yán)重阻礙了 CRC 治療中成功的化療。用于對(duì)化療反應(yīng)的預(yù)測(cè)性 miRNA 生物標(biāo)志物可以識(shí)別將從特定方案中受益賊多的患者，并且還可以使患者免于不必要的副作用。隨著預(yù)測(cè)性 miRNA 生物標(biāo)志物的使用，選擇接受新靶向治療的患者成為可能。賊后，通過基因治療強(qiáng)制表達(dá)抑癌miRNA或沉默腫瘤中的致癌miRNA，也可以單獨(dú)或與其他化療藥物聯(lián)合治療CRC。結(jié)直腸癌；轉(zhuǎn)移;微小RNA；多藥耐藥；預(yù)后；反復(fù);風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分層;治療目標(biāo)?；蚪獯a基因檢測(cè)的研究結(jié)論：腫瘤標(biāo)志物和 CT 模式可能有助于識(shí)別 OC 中的 BRCA 突變狀態(tài)，指導(dǎo)患者進(jìn)行個(gè)性化治療。 HE4-CA125；卵巢癌; CT檢查。

腫瘤發(fā)生與反復(fù)轉(zhuǎn)移國(guó)際數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)描述：

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that can post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Dysregulated expression of many miRNAs have been shown to mediate the signaling pathways critical in the multistep carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). MiRNAs are stable and protected from RNase-mediated degradation, thereby enabling its detection in biological fluids and archival tissues for biomarker studies. This review focuses on the role and application of miRNAs in the prognosis and therapy of CRC. While stage II CRC is potentially curable by surgical resection, a significant percentage of stage II CRC patients do develop recurrence. MiRNA biomarkers may be used to stratify such high-risk population for adjuvant chemotherapy to provide better prognoses. Growing evidence also suggests that miRNAs are involved in the metastatic process of CRC. Certain of these miRNAs may thus be used as prognostic biomarkers to identify patients more likely to have micro-metastasis, who could be monitored more closely after surgery and/or given more aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to chemotherapy severely hinders successful chemotherapy in CRC treatment. Predictive miRNA biomarkers for response to chemotherapy may identify patients who will benefit the most from a particular regimen and also spare the patients from unnecessary side effects. Selection of patients to receive the new targeted therapy is becoming possible with the use of predictive miRNA biomarkers. Lastly, forced expression of tumor suppressor miRNA or silencing of oncogenic miRNA in tumors by gene therapy can also be adopted to treat CRC alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs.Keywords:?Apoptosis; Colorectal cancer; Metastasis; MicroRNA; Multidrug resistance; Prognosis; Recurrence; Risk stratification; Therapeutic target.Conclusions:?Tumor markers and CT patterns may help in identifying BRCA mutation status in OC directing patients towards a personalized treatment.Keywords:?BRCA; HE4-CA125; Ovarian cancer; computed tomography.